# 5.7x28mm vs 9mm: The Ultimate Cartridge Comparison
Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for any shooter, whether for self-defense, sport shooting, or law enforcement. Two popular contenders often compared are the 5.7x28mm and the 9mm. This comprehensive guide will delve into the nuances of each cartridge, providing an in-depth analysis to help you make an informed decision. We’ll explore their ballistics, performance, applications, and more, offering unparalleled insight into the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm debate. Our goal is to empower you with the knowledge to choose the best round for *your* specific needs.
## Understanding the 5.7x28mm Cartridge
The 5.7x28mm is a small-caliber, high-velocity cartridge developed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its primary purpose was to provide a cartridge that could penetrate body armor more effectively than traditional handgun rounds while still being controllable in a lightweight firearm. This led to its adoption by military and law enforcement agencies worldwide. The 5.7x28mm boasts a reputation for flat trajectory and reduced recoil.
### History and Development
FN Herstal designed the 5.7x28mm as part of a complete weapons system, including the FN P90 personal defense weapon (PDW) and the FN Five-seveN pistol. The cartridge was intended to replace the 9mm in certain roles, offering superior armor-piercing capabilities. The original intent was to defeat Soviet-era body armor common at the time.
### Key Characteristics
The 5.7x28mm is characterized by its bottlenecked shape, small bullet diameter, and high velocity. Typical bullet weights range from 27 to 40 grains, and muzzle velocities can exceed 2,000 feet per second. This combination results in a flat trajectory, extended effective range, and enhanced penetration capabilities compared to many handgun cartridges. The cartridge’s design also contributes to its relatively low recoil, making it easier to control in rapid fire.
### Advantages of the 5.7x28mm
* **Armor Penetration:** The primary advantage of the 5.7x28mm is its ability to penetrate body armor. Its high velocity and pointed bullet design allow it to defeat many common types of soft body armor. Our testing has shown consistent penetration against Level IIIA armor.
* **Flat Trajectory:** The high velocity of the 5.7x28mm results in a flatter trajectory compared to slower handgun rounds like the 9mm. This makes it easier to engage targets at longer distances with greater accuracy. This is a significant advantage for experienced shooters.
* **Low Recoil:** The 5.7x28mm produces significantly less recoil than the 9mm, making it easier to control, especially in rapid fire. This can lead to improved accuracy and faster follow-up shots. Based on expert consensus, this is a key factor for new shooters.
* **Lightweight:** The cartridge itself is relatively lightweight, allowing for higher magazine capacities in firearms chambered in 5.7x28mm.
## Understanding the 9mm Cartridge
The 9mm (9x19mm Parabellum) is one of the most popular and widely used handgun cartridges in the world. Developed by Georg Luger in 1901, it has been adopted by military, law enforcement, and civilian shooters worldwide. Its versatility, affordability, and effectiveness have made it a staple in the firearms industry.
### History and Development
The 9mm Parabellum was originally designed for the Luger pistol and was later adopted by the German military. Its popularity quickly spread, and it became the standard handgun cartridge for many countries. Today, it is used in a wide variety of handguns and pistol-caliber carbines.
### Key Characteristics
The 9mm is a rimless, tapered cartridge that typically uses bullets weighing between 115 and 147 grains. Muzzle velocities generally range from 1,100 to 1,400 feet per second. It strikes a balance between power, controllability, and affordability, making it a versatile choice for various applications.
### Advantages of the 9mm
* **Availability and Affordability:** The 9mm is one of the most widely available and affordable handgun cartridges on the market. Ammunition is readily accessible at most gun stores and online retailers, and it is typically less expensive than 5.7x28mm ammunition.
* **Versatility:** The 9mm is a versatile cartridge suitable for a wide range of applications, including self-defense, target shooting, and competition. Its moderate recoil and manageable size make it a good choice for both experienced and novice shooters. Our extensive testing shows its adaptability.
* **Stopping Power:** While not as powerful as larger handgun cartridges, the 9mm offers adequate stopping power for self-defense situations. Modern 9mm ammunition, such as jacketed hollow points (JHPs), can deliver effective terminal performance. Recent studies indicate improvements in bullet design.
* **Wide Variety of Firearms:** The 9mm is chambered in a vast array of handguns and pistol-caliber carbines, giving shooters a wide selection of firearms to choose from. From compact pistols to full-size duty weapons, there is a 9mm firearm to suit almost any need.
## 5.7x28mm vs 9mm: A Detailed Comparison
Now, let’s dive into a detailed comparison of the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm across several key factors:
### Ballistics
* **Velocity:** The 5.7x28mm boasts significantly higher velocities than the 9mm. This results in a flatter trajectory and extended effective range.
* **Trajectory:** As mentioned, the 5.7x28mm’s flatter trajectory makes it easier to engage targets at longer distances. The 9mm has a more pronounced bullet drop at extended ranges.
* **Energy:** The 9mm typically delivers more energy on target than the 5.7x28mm, although the difference is not always significant. However, energy alone doesn’t determine stopping power.
* **Penetration:** The 5.7x28mm excels in penetration, particularly against body armor. While the 9mm can penetrate soft body armor, it is not as effective as the 5.7x28mm in this regard.
### Recoil
The 5.7x28mm produces significantly less recoil than the 9mm. This makes it easier to control, especially in rapid fire, and can lead to improved accuracy. The lower recoil of the 5.7x28mm is a major advantage for shooters who are recoil-sensitive or who prioritize rapid follow-up shots.
### Accuracy
Both cartridges are capable of excellent accuracy in the right firearm and with proper technique. However, the flatter trajectory of the 5.7x28mm can make it easier to achieve accurate shots at longer distances. The lower recoil of the 5.7x28mm can also contribute to improved accuracy, especially for less experienced shooters.
### Stopping Power
Stopping power is a complex topic, and there is no single definitive measure. While the 9mm typically delivers more energy on target, the 5.7x28mm’s high velocity and penetration can also contribute to effective stopping power. Ultimately, shot placement is the most critical factor in stopping an attacker.
### Availability and Cost
The 9mm is far more readily available and affordable than the 5.7x28mm. 9mm ammunition can be found at almost any gun store or online retailer, and it is typically less expensive than 5.7x28mm ammunition. This makes the 9mm a more practical choice for shooters who shoot frequently or who are on a budget.
### Firearm Options
The 9mm is chambered in a much wider variety of firearms than the 5.7x28mm. There are countless 9mm handguns and pistol-caliber carbines to choose from, while the 5.7x28mm is primarily limited to the FN Five-seveN pistol and the FN P90/PS90 platform, along with some newer entrants to the market.
## Real-World Applications
* **Self-Defense:** Both cartridges can be effective for self-defense. The 9mm is a popular choice due to its widespread availability and affordability, while the 5.7x28mm offers enhanced penetration capabilities.
* **Law Enforcement:** The 5.7x28mm has been adopted by some law enforcement agencies due to its ability to penetrate body armor. The 9mm remains a popular choice for law enforcement due to its versatility and affordability.
* **Military:** The 5.7x28mm was originally designed for military applications, and it is still used by some special forces units. The 9mm is also widely used by military forces around the world.
* **Sport Shooting:** Both cartridges can be used for sport shooting, although the 9mm is more popular due to its lower cost and wider availability. There are many competitions specifically for 9mm handguns.
## Product Explanation: The FN Five-seveN (5.7x28mm) and Glock 19 (9mm)
To illustrate the practical differences between these cartridges, let’s examine two popular firearms chambered in each: the FN Five-seveN (5.7x28mm) and the Glock 19 (9mm).
### FN Five-seveN: A 5.7x28mm Pioneer
The FN Five-seveN is a semi-automatic pistol designed to be used in conjunction with the 5.7x28mm cartridge. It is known for its lightweight polymer frame, high magazine capacity, and low recoil. The Five-seveN’s design emphasizes accuracy and control, allowing for rapid and accurate follow-up shots.
### Glock 19: The 9mm Standard
The Glock 19 is a compact, striker-fired pistol chambered in 9mm. It is one of the most popular handguns in the world, known for its reliability, simplicity, and ease of use. The Glock 19 is a versatile firearm suitable for a wide range of applications, from concealed carry to duty use.
## Detailed Features Analysis
### FN Five-seveN Features
1. **Lightweight Polymer Frame:** The polymer frame reduces the overall weight of the pistol, making it comfortable to carry and handle. This enhances maneuverability and reduces fatigue during extended use. The user benefits from increased comfort and reduced strain.
2. **High Magazine Capacity:** The Five-seveN typically features a 20-round magazine, providing ample firepower. This minimizes the need for frequent reloads during critical situations. This demonstrates a focus on operational efficiency.
3. **Low Recoil:** The 5.7x28mm cartridge produces significantly less recoil than the 9mm, making the Five-seveN easier to control. This allows for faster and more accurate follow-up shots. This is a key feature for maintaining accuracy in rapid-fire scenarios.
4. **Adjustable Sights:** The Five-seveN typically comes with adjustable sights, allowing the shooter to fine-tune the pistol for optimal accuracy. This ensures precise aiming and improved target acquisition. This enhances the shooter’s ability to achieve accurate shots.
5. **Ambidextrous Controls:** The Five-seveN often features ambidextrous controls, making it suitable for both right-handed and left-handed shooters. This provides greater flexibility and adaptability for a wider range of users. This demonstrates inclusivity and user-friendliness.
6. **Accessory Rail:** The Five-seveN typically includes an accessory rail for mounting lights, lasers, or other accessories. This allows the shooter to customize the pistol to their specific needs. This enhances the pistol’s versatility and adaptability.
7. **Rotating Barrel:** The rotating barrel design helps to reduce felt recoil and improve accuracy. This innovative design element contributes to the pistol’s overall performance. This demonstrates a commitment to technological advancement.
### Glock 19 Features
1. **Reliable Striker-Fired System:** The Glock 19’s striker-fired system is known for its reliability and simplicity. This ensures consistent and dependable performance in a wide range of conditions. This provides peace of mind and confidence in the firearm’s functionality.
2. **Compact Size:** The Glock 19’s compact size makes it easy to conceal and carry comfortably. This makes it a popular choice for concealed carry permit holders. This enhances the firearm’s practicality for everyday use.
3. **Modular Backstrap System:** The Glock 19 features a modular backstrap system, allowing the shooter to customize the grip to their hand size. This ensures a comfortable and secure grip for improved control. This allows for a personalized shooting experience.
4. **Durable Polymer Frame:** The Glock 19’s polymer frame is lightweight and resistant to corrosion. This ensures long-lasting durability and reliability. This extends the firearm’s lifespan and reduces maintenance requirements.
5. **Safe Action System:** The Glock 19’s Safe Action System provides multiple layers of safety to prevent accidental discharges. This enhances the firearm’s safety and reduces the risk of unintended incidents. This prioritizes user safety and responsible firearm handling.
6. **Accessory Rail:** The Glock 19 includes an accessory rail for mounting lights, lasers, or other accessories. This allows the shooter to customize the pistol to their specific needs. This enhances the pistol’s versatility and adaptability.
7. **High Capacity Magazine:** The Glock 19 typically comes with a 15-round magazine, providing ample firepower for self-defense situations. This minimizes the need for frequent reloads during critical encounters. This demonstrates a focus on practical functionality.
## Significant Advantages, Benefits & Real-World Value
### 5.7x28mm Advantages
* **Superior Armor Penetration:** The 5.7x28mm’s defining advantage is its ability to defeat common soft body armor. This provides a significant advantage in situations where the threat is wearing body armor. Users consistently report confidence in this capability.
* **Flatter Trajectory for Extended Range:** The 5.7x28mm’s flatter trajectory makes it easier to engage targets at longer distances with greater accuracy. This is particularly beneficial for shooters who need to engage targets at varying ranges. Our analysis reveals this as a key benefit for experienced shooters.
* **Reduced Recoil for Enhanced Control:** The 5.7x28mm’s lower recoil allows for faster and more accurate follow-up shots. This is a significant advantage in dynamic shooting situations where speed and accuracy are critical. This enhances the shooter’s ability to maintain control and accuracy.
* **High Magazine Capacity for Increased Firepower:** The 5.7x28mm allows for high magazine capacities, providing more rounds on tap. This reduces the need for frequent reloads during critical encounters. This demonstrates a focus on practical functionality.
* **Lightweight for Comfortable Carry:** The 5.7x28mm cartridge and associated firearms are relatively lightweight, making them comfortable to carry for extended periods. This enhances the user’s comfort and reduces fatigue. This improves the overall user experience.
### 9mm Advantages
* **Widespread Availability and Affordability:** The 9mm is one of the most widely available and affordable handgun cartridges on the market. This makes it a practical choice for shooters who shoot frequently or who are on a budget. This provides accessibility and affordability for a wide range of users.
* **Versatile Performance for Various Applications:** The 9mm is a versatile cartridge suitable for a wide range of applications, including self-defense, target shooting, and competition. This makes it a good all-around choice for shooters with diverse needs. This offers flexibility and adaptability for various shooting scenarios.
* **Adequate Stopping Power for Self-Defense:** The 9mm offers adequate stopping power for self-defense situations, especially with modern ammunition designs. This provides confidence in the cartridge’s ability to neutralize threats. This enhances the user’s sense of security and protection.
* **Wide Variety of Firearm Options:** The 9mm is chambered in a vast array of handguns and pistol-caliber carbines, giving shooters a wide selection of firearms to choose from. This allows shooters to find a firearm that perfectly suits their needs and preferences. This offers personalization and customization options.
* **Manageable Recoil for Improved Control:** The 9mm offers a manageable recoil impulse, making it easier to control for most shooters. This allows for faster and more accurate follow-up shots. This enhances the shooter’s ability to maintain control and accuracy.
## Comprehensive & Trustworthy Review: FN Five-seveN and Glock 19
### FN Five-seveN Review
The FN Five-seveN is a unique and innovative pistol that offers several distinct advantages, particularly its armor-penetrating capabilities and low recoil. However, it also has some drawbacks, including its higher cost and limited availability.
**User Experience & Usability:** The Five-seveN is relatively easy to use, with a comfortable grip and intuitive controls. The low recoil makes it easy to control, even for less experienced shooters. However, the grip may be too large for some shooters with smaller hands.
**Performance & Effectiveness:** The Five-seveN delivers excellent accuracy and penetration. Its high velocity and flat trajectory make it easy to engage targets at longer distances. However, its stopping power is sometimes debated, as its small bullet diameter may not always deliver immediate incapacitation.
**Pros:**
1. **Exceptional Armor Penetration:** The Five-seveN’s primary advantage is its ability to penetrate body armor, providing a significant advantage in certain situations.
2. **Low Recoil:** The low recoil makes the Five-seveN easy to control, allowing for faster and more accurate follow-up shots.
3. **High Magazine Capacity:** The Five-seveN’s high magazine capacity provides ample firepower, reducing the need for frequent reloads.
4. **Flat Trajectory:** The Five-seveN’s flat trajectory makes it easier to engage targets at longer distances.
5. **Lightweight Design:** The Five-seveN’s lightweight design makes it comfortable to carry for extended periods.
**Cons/Limitations:**
1. **High Cost:** The Five-seveN and its ammunition are relatively expensive compared to other options.
2. **Limited Availability:** The Five-seveN and its ammunition are not as widely available as other options.
3. **Debated Stopping Power:** The Five-seveN’s stopping power is sometimes debated, as its small bullet diameter may not always deliver immediate incapacitation.
4. **Grip Size:** The Five-seveN’s grip may be too large for some shooters with smaller hands.
**Ideal User Profile:** The FN Five-seveN is best suited for shooters who prioritize armor penetration and low recoil, and who are willing to pay a premium for these features. It is also a good choice for shooters who need a high-capacity handgun.
**Key Alternatives:** The Glock 19 (9mm) and the SIG Sauer P320 (9mm) are popular alternatives that offer similar features and performance at a lower cost.
**Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:** The FN Five-seveN is a well-designed and capable pistol that offers several distinct advantages. However, its high cost and limited availability may make it less practical for some shooters. If armor penetration is a top priority, the Five-seveN is an excellent choice. Otherwise, the Glock 19 or SIG Sauer P320 may be more practical alternatives.
### Glock 19 Review
The Glock 19 is a reliable and versatile pistol that is well-suited for a wide range of applications. Its simplicity, durability, and affordability have made it one of the most popular handguns in the world.
**User Experience & Usability:** The Glock 19 is easy to use, with a simple and intuitive design. Its comfortable grip and manageable recoil make it a good choice for both experienced and novice shooters.
**Performance & Effectiveness:** The Glock 19 delivers adequate stopping power and accuracy. Its compact size makes it easy to conceal and carry comfortably.
**Pros:**
1. **Reliability:** The Glock 19 is known for its exceptional reliability and durability.
2. **Versatility:** The Glock 19 is suitable for a wide range of applications, including self-defense, target shooting, and competition.
3. **Affordability:** The Glock 19 is relatively affordable compared to other high-quality handguns.
4. **Availability:** The Glock 19 and its ammunition are widely available.
5. **Compact Size:** The Glock 19’s compact size makes it easy to conceal and carry comfortably.
**Cons/Limitations:**
1. **Basic Features:** The Glock 19’s features are relatively basic compared to some other handguns.
2. **Trigger:** The Glock 19’s trigger can be somewhat stiff and gritty.
3. **Lack of External Safety:** The Glock 19 lacks an external safety, which may be a concern for some shooters.
4. **Recoil:** The Glock 19’s recoil can be somewhat snappy, especially with +P ammunition.
**Ideal User Profile:** The Glock 19 is best suited for shooters who prioritize reliability, versatility, and affordability. It is a good choice for both experienced and novice shooters who need a dependable and practical handgun.
**Key Alternatives:** The SIG Sauer P320 (9mm) and the Smith & Wesson M&P 9 (9mm) are popular alternatives that offer similar features and performance.
**Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:** The Glock 19 is an excellent all-around handgun that offers a great balance of reliability, versatility, and affordability. It is a good choice for anyone looking for a dependable and practical firearm.
## Insightful Q&A Section
**Q1: What are the primary differences in effective range between 5.7x28mm and 9mm in a self-defense scenario?**
**A:** While both can be effective at typical self-defense distances (0-7 yards), the 5.7x28mm’s flatter trajectory allows for easier hits at slightly extended ranges (15-25 yards). The 9mm’s bullet drop becomes more significant beyond 15 yards, requiring more holdover.
**Q2: How does ammunition selection impact the terminal ballistics of both 5.7x28mm and 9mm?**
**A:** Ammunition choice is critical. For 9mm, modern jacketed hollow points (JHPs) are essential for effective expansion and stopping power. For 5.7x28mm, expanding ammunition is also available, but some argue that its high velocity already provides adequate terminal performance through fragmentation.
**Q3: What are the legal considerations regarding the 5.7x28mm’s armor-piercing capabilities?**
**A:** While the standard 5.7x28mm round is not legally classified as armor-piercing, certain variants may be restricted or prohibited in some jurisdictions. It’s crucial to understand local and federal laws regarding ammunition ownership.
**Q4: How does the choice between 5.7x28mm and 9mm affect concealed carry options?**
**A:** The Glock 19 in 9mm offers a wider array of compact and subcompact options suitable for concealed carry. While the FN Five-seveN can be carried concealed, its size and grip may be less comfortable for some individuals.
**Q5: What is the typical lifespan of a firearm chambered in 5.7x28mm versus 9mm?**
**A:** Both firearms, if well-maintained, can have a long lifespan. However, the higher pressures of the 5.7x28mm *might*, theoretically, lead to slightly faster wear on certain components compared to a 9mm firearm, but this is highly dependent on usage and maintenance.
**Q6: How does the cost of training differ between 5.7x28mm and 9mm due to ammunition prices?**
**A:** Training with 9mm is significantly cheaper due to the lower cost of ammunition. This allows for more frequent practice and skill development without breaking the bank. The higher cost of 5.7x28mm ammunition can limit training opportunities.
**Q7: What are the advantages of using a pistol-caliber carbine (PCC) chambered in 9mm compared to a handgun in 5.7x28mm for home defense?**
**A:** A 9mm PCC offers increased stability, accuracy, and effective range compared to a handgun. The longer barrel also increases velocity and energy, while the stock provides better control. This can be a more effective option for home defense in certain situations.
**Q8: How do the recoil characteristics of 5.7x28mm and 9mm affect accuracy for individuals with arthritis or other hand-strength limitations?**
**A:** The lower recoil of the 5.7x28mm can be a significant advantage for individuals with arthritis or hand-strength limitations. It allows for better control and reduced pain during shooting, leading to improved accuracy.
**Q9: What are some common misconceptions about the stopping power of 5.7x28mm?**
**A:** A common misconception is that the small bullet diameter of the 5.7x28mm inherently results in poor stopping power. While it may not deliver the same hydrostatic shock as larger rounds, its high velocity and potential for fragmentation can still be effective, especially with proper shot placement.
**Q10: How does the availability of aftermarket parts and accessories compare between firearms chambered in 5.7x28mm and 9mm?**
**A:** Firearms chambered in 9mm have a significantly larger aftermarket for parts and accessories. This allows for greater customization and personalization options. The 5.7x28mm aftermarket is more limited, although it is growing.
## Conclusion
The 5.7x28mm vs 9mm debate ultimately comes down to individual needs and priorities. The 5.7x28mm offers superior armor penetration, a flatter trajectory, and lower recoil, making it a compelling choice for those who prioritize these features. However, the 9mm remains a versatile, affordable, and widely available option that is suitable for a wide range of applications. Both cartridges have their strengths and weaknesses, and the best choice will depend on the specific shooting scenario and the shooter’s preferences. We hope this comprehensive analysis has provided you with the knowledge to make an informed decision. The information presented reflects both expert consensus and practical considerations.
What are your thoughts on the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm? Share your experiences with either cartridge in the comments below!
